By Dr. John A. Papa, DC, FCCPOR(C)
Physical
activity during the winter season can place unique demands on the body that can
predispose you to injury. The good news
is there are strategies that can be employed to help prevent cold-related
injuries.
Below are some of the
common injuries that can occur during the winter season:
· Soft
tissue injuries including sprains,
strains, and contusions. Cold weather
decreases the elasticity of soft tissues making them more prone to injury
during activity. Ligaments and muscles
in the back, upper and lower extremities are commonly injured. Falls in slippery conditions can also
contribute to injury.
· Exposure
injuries
include frostbite and hypothermia and occur when individuals
do not wear attire that is appropriate for the weather conditions and physical
activity performed.
· Blisters can form
due to the friction of wet gloves and/or wet socks with poorly fitting
footwear.
· Sun-related
injuries
can also occur in the winter months and cause sunburn and snow blindness.
· Technical
injuries can
happen when physical activities are performed with: inadequate technique/training; unsuitable
equipment; and/or poor preparation/planning.
Below are some of the
strategies that can be used to prevent cold-related injuries:
· Warm up and prepare
your body for physical activity by stimulating the joints and muscles, and
increasing blood circulation. Also
consider exercise training to help
prepare you for winter activity.
· Dress for the
elements
by wearing insulated lightweight clothing with multiple layers. This will allow you to add or subtract layers
as needed. Attire that is waterproof can
help keep you dry and reduce the risk of heat loss. Insulated gloves, footwear, and headgear can
also help keep you warm. Shoes and
boots with solid treads and soles can help minimize the risk of awkward
twisting, slips and falls.
· Protect
yourself from the sun by applying sunscreen regularly. Your eyes should also be protected with UV
blocking sunglasses.
· Use safe snow shoveling techniques. Get professional training and advice while
learning the skills of a particular activity such as skiing or snowboarding to
help minimize the chance of injury.
· Equipment
considerations
may include using an ergonomic snow shovel, having sporting equipment properly
fitted for your body type, or wearing a helmet during activities.
· Preparation is critical. For example, be aware of changes in weather
forecasts that can influence safety. Intermittent
thaws and subsequent freezing can give way to ice build-up under foot
increasing the risk of back twisting, slips and falls. Coarse sand or ice salt can help give your
walkways and driveways more traction. Planning for physical activity is also
important. For instance, adequate
nutrition and hydration before, during, and after activity can optimize energy
levels and improve overall physical functioning. This will help reduce fatigue and chance of
injury.
Recognizing
some of the common injuries that occur during the winter months and knowing
which precautions to take can ensure that you enjoy physical activities safely
in cold weather. For additional
information on health and wellness, visit www.nhwc.ca.
This article is a
basic summary for educational purposes only.
It is not intended, and should not be considered, as a replacement for
consultation, diagnosis or treatment by a duly licensed health practitioner.