By: Dr. John A. Papa, DC, FCCPOR(C)
Osteoporosis is a
disease of bones that decreases bone mass and strength, making them more fragile
and susceptible to fracture.
Osteoporotic fractures of the spine and hip are
linked to an increased risk of death within the first year after fracture. Other effects of osteoporotic fractures can
include chronic pain, depression, loss of freedom and long-term disability.
Below are some additional facts about
osteoporosis.
· The risk of
major osteoporotic fracture in Canada
is among the highest in the world. The
cost to the Canadian health care system of treating osteoporotic fractures is
currently estimated to be $1.9 billion annually.
· Osteoporotic fractures are more common than
heart attack, stroke and cancer combined.
Each year over 125,000 Canadian women suffer osteoporotic fractures
affecting the spine, hip, wrist, shoulder, pelvis, and other regions in the
body. The
diagnosis of a single fracture increases the risk of subsequent fractures.
· Some of the risk factors for osteoporosis
include: advancing age, female gender,
family history, caucasian race, early menopause, use of certain medications,
tobacco and excessive alcohol use, insufficient physical activity, and dietary
calcium and/or vitamin D deficiency. Although considered a female health issue,
osteoporosis is also becoming a major health concern among males.
· Bone mineral density testing (BMD) can help identify
those at risk for osteoporotic fracture and in need of health care management.
· Increasing dietary calcium and vitamin D can help
reduce bone loss. Other key
nutrients, which have been identified as being crucial for healthy and strong
bones, include the correct balances of vitamins C, E, and K, and micronutrients
magnesium, boron, potassium, and folic acid.
· Precautions can be taken by osteoporotic individuals to minimize the risk
of slip and fall injuries inside and outside the home. Regular exercise can also improve an individual's strength, balance, and coordination
and help with preventing falls and the risk of fracture.
· Resistance (weight-bearing) exercise is best for
directly reducing the rate of bone loss.
Non-weight-bearing exercises such as swimming, cycling, and walking must
be combined with resistance exercise to be of benefit in slowing bone loss. Examples of resistance exercise include the
use of ones own body weight for performing movement (i.e. squats, push-ups), weight machines in a fitness facility,
dumbbells, and resistance tubing.
Resistance loads need to be greater than those experienced during normal
daily activities. The effects of
resistance exercise are site specific, meaning that only bones that are loaded
through resistance will benefit from the activity. To maintain the positive effects of exercise
on bone, the program must continue throughout life.
Although certain risk
factors cannot be controlled in combating bone loss, there are natural
lifestyle choices an individual can make in preventing the onset of
osteoporosis and the risk of fracture.
For more information on lifestyle, dietary and exercise management strategies
concerning osteoporosis visit www.nhwc.ca.
This article is a
basic summary for educational purposes only.
It is not intended, and should not be considered, as a replacement for
consultation, diagnosis or treatment by a duly licensed health practitioner.